The Arab Agricultural Revolution (8th–13th centuries) was a period of agricultural innovation under the Islamic world, marked by: 1. New Crops: Introduction of crops like rice, sugarcane, cotton, and citrus fruits to new regions. 2. Irrigation: Advanced water management systems, including qanats, water wheels, and dams. 3. Farming Techniques: Improved practices like crop rotation, fertilization, and plowing. 4. Knowledge Spread: Translation of ancient agricultural texts and dissemination through trade and scholarship. 5. Economic Impact: Increased productivity, urban growth, and the development of trade and cash economies. Its legacy influenced European agriculture and modern farming practices globally.