One of the four major Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence.

– It’s ghuluw (overzealousness in religion).

– Ghuluw is to obligate what Allah did not.

– Makruh inside & outside of salah.

– All ghuluw is bida’ (innovation).

– Not all bida’ is ghuluw.

– If face covering is a custom.

– Then not makruh.

– It’s not makruh outside salah.

– But it is inside salah.

– Niqab = specific commandment for wives of Prophet ﷺ

– It’s not ghuluw for them

– That’s the hukm for them.

– Hadith of Al-Fadl ibn al-Abbas (Raḍiya ’llāhu ‘an-hu)

– Qadi Iyad said: “Niqab is Mustahab” (Recommended).

– Not all of Qadi Iyad’s fatwas represent dominant opinion.

– Imam Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi is more authoritative.

– Covering the face due to fitnah, not awrah , is possible.

– Argument can be made that it’s fardh based on ijtihad.

– Who decides what is fitnah?

– It’s subjective.