Daniel Haqiqatjou recommends reading  the above titled article by Robert G. Holland:

Robert G. Holland delves into the comparisons and contrasts between the Arab conquests of the 7th century and European Colonialism of the 15th century.

Here is a summary of the main points:

1. The Muslim Arabs conquered and settled in lands from Morocco to Afghanistan during the seventh century, extracting resources and ruling over the conquered territories.

2. The application of modern terms like colonialism to pre-modern situations requires careful consideration due to the differences in the concept of borders and the geopolitical context of the time.

3. The late antique Middle East was dominated by the Roman and Persian empires, both of which aspired to supremacy. The Muslim Arab defeat of these empires raises questions about whether their conquests can be characterized as colonialism.

4. The intentions and perceptions of the Muslim Arabs during their conquests are important factors in assessing the nature of their rule.

5. The topic of Muslim Arab conquests continues to be debated, especially in relation to ongoing issues like the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Berber language oppression, African enslavement, and persecution of minority groups.

6. Defining colonialism can be challenging, but a distinction can be made between colonialism and imperialism based on the presence or absence of significant numbers of permanent settlers from the colonizing power.

7. The Muslim Arabs can be seen as colonial settlers due to the establishment of garrison settlements in the conquered territories, where Arab warriors received stipends and became permanent residents.

8. The Muslim Arabs distinguished themselves from the subject population through visual requirements, limitations on religion, security measures, and economic restrictions. This created a discriminatory system and impacted the lives of non-Muslims.

9. The Muslim Arab conquerors and their descendants maintained a distinction between themselves and converts to Islam, engaging in “othering” to emphasize their superiority over other groups.

10. Prejudice against converts and their non-Arab origins is evident in historical sources, reflecting a hierarchy within the Muslim Arab society.

11. Both Muslim Arabs and European colonialists used justifications based on divine mandate or secular justifications to justify their conquests.

12. Islam provided a means for the conquered people to integrate into the Islamic society by converting to Islam, unlike European colonialism where assimilation was more difficult.

13. The conquered people in the Muslim Arab conquests could participate in the elaboration of Islam and its civilization, unlike European colonial subjects who had limited impact on official Christianity.

14. Converts and their descendants in the Muslim Arab conquests played a significant role in shaping Islamic culture and literature, whereas few conquered people in European colonialism had a similar impact.

15. The Muslim Arab conquests had an integrative dimension where the conquered population participated in the new Islamic civilization, distinguishing them from European colonial enterprises.

@Haqiqatjou

Full vid: youtu.be/Ln36nCiRs6M